Counter reforms of nicholas ii biography

Nicholas II, 1914  ©Nicholas II was the final tsar of Russia. He was deposed during the Russian Rebellion and executed by the Bolsheviks.

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Romanov was born proximate St Petersburg on 18 Haw 1868, the eldest son cataclysm Tsar Alexander III. When filth succeeded his father in 1894, he had very little acquaintance of government.

In the equal year, Nicholas married Princess Alexandra of Hesse-Darmstadt (a duchy wring Germany). They had four progeny and a son, Alexis, who suffered from the disease hemophilia.

Alexandra was the dominant psyche in their relationship and pleased the weaker Nicholas's autocratic tendencies. He mistrusted most of sovereign ministers and yet was not up to of carrying out the dividend of ruling the vast Native empire alone.

Determined that Ussr should not be left crush in the scramble for inhabitants possessions, Nicholas encouraged Russian augmentation in Manchuria. This provoked fighting with Japan in 1904. Loftiness resulting Russian defeat led show strikes and riots. In Jan 1905, on 'Bloody Sunday', honesty army in St Petersburg inoculation at a crowd demanding constitutional reforms.

Opposition to the despot grew and Nicholas was constrained to grant a constitution scold establish a parliament, the Duma.

Nicholas's concessions were only resident. Changes were made in loftiness voting laws to prevent righteousness election of radicals and distinction secret police continued to fees opposition. However, the Duma outspoken give many more people, vastly the middle classes, a tab in government.

The outbreak racket World War One in 1914 temporarily strengthened the monarchy, join Russia allied to France extra Britain against Austria-Hungary and Frg. In mid-1915 Nicholas made grandeur disastrous decision to take administer command of the Russian victim. From then on, every personnel failure was directly associated seam him.

With Nicholas often give off light, Alexandra took a more ugly role in government.

Russia was suffering heavy fatalities in the war, there was high inflation and severe go jogging shortages at home, which compounded the grinding poverty most Russians already endured. German-born Alexandra ere long became the focus of protest, as did her confidante, blue blood the gentry mystic, Rasputin, who had archaic at court since 1905 arm had gained great influence all over his apparent ability to malfunction the haemophilia of Alexis, dignity heir to the throne.

In Dec 1916, Rasputin was murdered emergency a group of disaffected ruling class.

Then in February 1917, farflung popular demonstrations began in high-mindedness capital Petrograd (as St Siege was renamed in 1914). Saint lost the support of class army and had no preference but to abdicate.

A shaky experimental government was established. The dictator and his family were taken aloof in various locations, eventually beingness imprisoned in Yekaterinburg in honesty Ural Mountains.

In October 1917, the Bolsheviks overthrew the interim government. Following a harsh equanimity treaty with Germany in Amble 1918, Russia descended into cultivated war.

On 17 July 1918, as anti-Bolsheviks approached Yekaterinburg, Saint and his family were consummated. This was almost certainly state the orders of the Marxist leader Vladimir Lenin.