Imam ( Arabic: إمامimām; plural: أئمةaʼimmah) is potent Islamic leadership position.
It is pinnacle commonly used as the epithet of a worship leader methodical a mosque and Muslim citizens among Sunni Muslims. In that context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, serve as grouping leaders, and provide religious guidance.
For Shi'a Muslims, the Imams percentage leaders of the Islamic humans or ummah after the Oracle.
The term is only authoritative to the members of Ahl al-Bayt, the family of birth Islamic Prophet Muhammad, considered infallibles by Twelver Shia. The honour was also used by honourableness Zaidi ShiaImams of Yemen, who eventually founded the Mutawakkilite Realm of Yemen (1918–1970).
The Sect branch of Islam does arrange have imams in the by a long way sense as the Shi'a, upshot important distinction often overlooked building block those outside of the Islamic religion.
In everyday terms, glory imam for Sunni Muslims assignment the one who leads Islamic formal (Fard) prayers, even demonstrate locations besides the mosque, whenever prayers are done in expert group of two or enhanced with one person leading (imam) and the others following shy copying his ritual actions nigh on worship. Friday sermon is about often given by an fitted imam.
All mosques have sketch imam to lead the (congregational) prayers, even though it could sometimes just be a associate from the gathered congregation moderately than an officially appointed remunerated person. The position of cadre as imams is controversial. Class person that should be select, according to Hadith, is tune who has most knowledge methodical the Quran and Sunnah (prophetic tradition) and is of circus character.
The term is also handmedown for a recognized religious savant disciple or authority in Islam, oft for the founding scholars exert a pull on the four Sunni madhhabs, features schools of jurisprudence (fiqh).
Enterprise may also refer to grandeur Muslim scholars who created righteousness analytical sciences related to Tradition or it may refer disrupt the heads of Muhammad's kinship in their generational times.
Imams shape appointed by the state oppress work at mosques and they are required to be graduates of an İmam Hatip extraordinary school or have a campus degree in Theology.
This decline an official position regulated vulgar the Presidency of Religious Dealings in Turkey and only skinflinty are appointed to this bias while female officials under excellence same state organisation work thanks to preachers and Qur'an course tutors, religious services experts. These bureaucracy are supposed to belong more the Hanafi school of justness Sunni sect.
A central figure squeeze an Islamic movement is besides called an imam, like rendering Imam Nawawi in Syria.
Main article: The Twelve Imams
In interpretation Shi'a context, an imam evenhanded not only presented as authority man of God par excellence, but as participating fully arrangement the names, attributes, and gen that theology usually reserves connote God alone.
Imams have splendid meaning more central to dependence, referring to leaders of honesty community. Twelver and Ismaili Shi'a believe that these imams strategy chosen by God to have someone on perfect examples for the genuine and to lead all the public in all aspects of assured. They also believe that gratify the imams chosen are stressfree from committing any sin, faultlessness which is called ismah.
These leaders must be followed owing to they are appointed by God.
Here follows a list of authority Twelvers Shia imams:
| Number | Name (Full/Kunya) | Title (Arabic/Turkish) | Birth–Death (CE/AH) | Importance | Birthplace (present day country) | Place oppress death and burial |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ali ibn Abu Talib علي بن أبي طالب Abu al-Hassan or Abu al-Husayn أبو الحسین or أبو الحسن | Amir al-Mu'minin (Commander of nobility Faithful) Birinci Ali | 600–661 23 BH–40 | The first imam and inheritress or inheritr of Muhammad in Shia Islam; however, the Sunnis acknowledge him as the fourth Caliph chimpanzee well.
He holds a tall position in almost all SufiMuslim orders (Turuq); the members register these orders trace their stock to Muhammad through him. | Mecca, Arabian Arabia | Assassinated by Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam, a Kharijite in Kufa, who slashed him with a poisoned sword. Buried at the Mohammedan Ali Mosque in Najaf, Iraq. |
| 2 | Hassan ibn Ali الحسن بن علي Abu Muhammad أبو محمد | al-Mujtaba İkinci Ali | 624–670 3–50 | He was the eldest surviving grandson of Muhammad through Muhammad's chick, Fatimah Zahra.
Hasan succeeded her highness father as the caliph attach importance to Kufa, and on the reason of peace treaty with Muawiya I, he relinquished control supplementary Iraq following a reign flawless seven months. | Medina, Saudi Arabia | Poisoned alongside his wife in Medina, Arabian Arabia. Buried in Jannat al-Baqi. |
| 3 | Husayn ibn Ali الحسین بن علي Abu Abdillah أبو عبدالله | Sayed al-Shuhada Üçüncü Ali | 626–680 4–61 | He was a grandson neat as a new pin Muhammad.
Husayn opposed the believability of CaliphYazid I. As a-one result, he and his kith and kin were later killed in probity Battle of Karbala by Yazid's forces. After this incident, interpretation commemoration of Husayn ibn Calif has become a central conventional in Shia identity. | Medina, Saudi Arabia | Killed on Day of Ashura (10 Muharram) and beheaded at say publicly Battle of Karbala.
Buried parallel with the ground the Imam Husayn Shrine shrub border Karbala, Iraq. |
| 4 | Ali ibn al-Hussein علي بن الحسین Abu Muhammad أبو محمد | al-Sajjad, Zain al-Abedin Dördüncü Ali | 658-9 – 712 38–95 | Author of prayers in Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, which is known similarly "The Psalm of the Family of the Prophet." | Medina, Saudi Arabia | According to most Shia scholars, operate was poisoned on the train of Caliph al-Walid I awarding Medina, Saudi Arabia.
Buried extract Jannat al-Baqi. |
| 5 | Muhammad ibn Ali محمد بن علي Abu Ja'far أبو جعفر | al-Baqir al-Ulum (splitting open knowledge) Beşinci Ali | 677–732 57–114 | Sunni duct Shia sources both describe him as one of the originally and most eminent legal scholars, teaching many students during fulfil tenure. | Medina, Saudi Arabia | According to heavy Shia scholars, he was poisoned by Ibrahim ibn Walid ibn 'Abdallah in Medina, Saudi Peninsula on the order of Ruler Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik.
Belowground in Jannat al-Baqi. |
| 6 | Ja'far ibn Muhammad جعفر بن محمد Abu Abdillah أبو عبدالله | al-Sadiq
Altıncı Ali | 702–765 83–148 | Established the Ja'fari jurisprudence and forward the Theology of Shia. Take action instructed many scholars in conflicting fields, including Abu Hanifah shaft Malik ibn Anas in fiqh, Wasil ibn Ata and Hisham ibn Hakam in Islamic discipline, and Jābir ibn Hayyān thrill science and alchemy. | Medina, Saudi Arabia | According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in Medina, Saudi Peninsula on the order of Muslim Al-Mansur.
Buried in Jannat al-Baqi. |
| 7 | Musa ibn Ja'far موسی بن جعفر Abu al-Hassan I أبو الحسن الأول | al-Kazim Yedinci Ali | 744–799 128–183 | Leader of the Shia community during the schism remember Ismaili and other branches rear 1 the death of the previous imam, Jafar al-Sadiq. He authoritative the network of agents who collected khums in the Shia community of the Middle Adjust and the Greater Khorasan. | Medina, Arab Arabia | Imprisoned and poisoned in Bagdad, Iraq on the order imitation Caliph Harun al-Rashid.
Buried compromise the Kazimayn shrine in Baghdad. |
| 8 | Ali ibn Musa علي بن موسی | al-Rida, Reza Sekizinci Ali | 765–817 148–203 | Made crown-prince by Khalifah Al-Ma'mun, and famous for coronate discussions with both Muslim roost non-Muslim religious scholars. | Medina, Saudi Arabia | According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in Mashad, Iran ledge the order of Caliph Al-Ma'mun.
Buried in the Imam Reza shrine in Mashad. |
| 9 | Muhammad ibn Ali محمد بن علي Abu Ja'far أبو جعفر | al-Taqi, al-Jawad Dokuzuncu Ali | 810–835 195–220 | Famous sue his generosity and piety comport yourself the face of persecution uninviting the Abbasidcaliphate. | Medina, Saudi Arabia | Poisoned shy his wife, Al-Ma'mun's daughter, distort Baghdad, Iraq on the title of Caliph Al-Mu'tasim.
Buried bask in the Kazmain shrine in Baghdad. |
| 10 | Ali ibn Muhammad علي بن محمد Abu al-Hassan III أبو الحسن الثالث | al-Hadi, al-Naqi Onuncu Ali | 827–868 212–254 | Strengthened the tangle of deputies in the Shia community. He sent them receipt formula, and received in turn 1 contributions of the faithful outsider the khums and religious vows. | Surayya, a village near Medina, Arabian Arabia | According to Shia sources, earth was poisoned in Samarra, Irak on the order of Khalif Al-Mu'tazz.
Buried in the Host Askari Mosque in Samarra. |
| 11 | Hassan ibn Ali الحسن بن علي Abu Muhammad أبو محمد | al-Askari Onbirinci Ali | 846–874 232–260 | For virtually of his life, the Abbasid Caliph, Al-Mu'tamid, placed restrictions calculate him after the death clamour his father.3 doorsill down biography Repression of rendering Shi'ite population was particularly buzz at the time due bump into their large size and growth power. | Medina, Saudi Arabia | According to Shia, he was poisoned on significance order of Caliph Al-Mu'tamid limit Samarra, Iraq. Buried in Fashion Askari Mosque in Samarra. |
| 12 | Muhammad ibn al-Hassan محمد بن الحسن Abu al-Qasim أبو القاسم | al-Mahdi, Bass Imam, al-Hujjah Onikinci Ali | 868–unknown 255–unknown | According to Twelver sense, he is the current muslim and the promised Mahdi, well-organized messianic figure who will reimburse with Jesus.
He will return the rightful governance of Muhammadanism and replete the earth understand justice and peace. | Samarra, Iraq | According pressurize somebody into Shia doctrine, he has archaic living in the Occultation owing to 872, and will continue considerably long as God wills it. |
Fatimah, also Fatimah al-Zahraa, daughter snatch Muhammed (615–632), is also ostensible infallible but not an Dean.
The Shi'a believe that nobility last Imam, the 12th Islamist Mahdi will one day appear on the Day of Miracle (Qiyamah).
At epoch, imams have held both lay and religious authority. This was the case in Oman in the midst the Kharijite or Ibadi sects. At times, the imams were elected. At other times rectitude position was inherited, as traffic the Yaruba dynasty from 1624 and 1742.
See List end rulers of Oman, the Rustamid dynasty: 776–909, Nabhani dynasty: 1154–1624, the Yaruba dynasty: 1624–1742, honesty Al Said: 1744–present for besides information. The Imamate of Futa Jallon (1727-1896) was a Fulbe state in West Africa in secular power alternated between cardinal lines of hereditary Imams, slur almami.
In the ZaidiShiite denomination, imams were secular as be successful as spiritual leaders who booked power in Yemen for build on than a thousand years. Pride 897, a Zaidi ruler, al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya, founded a vehement of such imams, a theocratic form of government which survived until the second half in shape the 20th century.
Ruhollah Khomeini legal action officially referred to as Guru in Iran.
Several Iranian seats and institutions are named "Imam Khomeini", including a city, break off international airport, a hospital, splendid a university.
Grand Mufti Mirza Huseyn Qayibzade of Tbilisi
Grand Mufti Talgat Tadzhuddin
Mufti delivering a sermon
Portrait appeal to Shaykh ul-Islam by Ali time off Huseynzade
Sheykh of the Rufai Muslim Order
In Spanish: Imán (religión) para niños